- (1881-1969), (1935), (1956, 1968), (1960). 1918 . 1925 ; 1934 . 1940 . 1953-60 . () 1926-60. . . , 1930- - . 1950- .---* * *--- [23 (4 ) 1881, - 2 1969, ], , , (1953-60).--- --- , - , . , 7 , . 1893 , . . ( , 1- ), . 1896 , , .------- 1899 , , 1903 . 1905-07, , , . 1906 , . 1907 . 1917 : , ( ) , .--- --- 1917 . , . 1917 , - , . --- 5- . 1918 , ( ). 8- (1919) " ", . 1919 1- ( 1921 ), . 1921 10- .--- . . , 1919 14- , , . 1920 . . . . . . .---" "--- 1920-30- . . 1921 -, 1924 , 1925 . 1934 -40 . . 1930- . , , , - , .--- 1920- . . , . : - "-". 1935 .--- . " " (1936-38) "" , . --- - - 1939-40. , , - .--- . . 1941 , . , .--- --- 1953 . . . . 1957 . . " " (. . , . . , . . ), , , . 22- (1962) , . , . 1964 . 1968 50- ( 1956). " " (1968), , " " "-".---:--- . . . ., 1990.--- . . , . . . . --- (1921-23) // .1993. . 1.---. 404-411.--- . // ().---1996. 5. . 65-68.---. .